 |
| Patient with Trigeminal Neuralgia |
Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder characterized by paroxysmal attacks of severe pain, and short in coverage of one or more nerves branch of the trigeminal nerve, usually without evidence of organic neurological disease. . This disease causes severe facial pain. This disease is also known as ticdoulourex or Fothergill's syndrome.
Trigeminal neuralgia first described by Arab physicians named Jurjani in the eighth century. Jurjani also was the first to propose the theory of vascular compression in trigeminal neuralgia. French physician, Nicoulaus Andre, give a detailed explanation about trigeminal neuralgia in 1756 and coined the term tic doulourex. British doctor, John Fothergill also explain this syndrome in the mid-1700s, and this disorder is sometimes referred to as Fothergill disease. Knowledge of trigeminal neuralgia develops slowly during the twentieth century. In the 1960s, effective treatment with medication and surgery became available.
Trigeminal neuralgia is a rare abnormality in the sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve), which innervate the face and jaw. Neuralgia of the disease is accompanied by severe pain in the jaw and piercing and face, usually on one side of the jaw or cheek, which usually occurs within a few seconds. Felt severe pain before treatment, however, including trigeminal neuralgia is not a life-threatening disease. As we know, there are two trigeminal nerves, one for each side of the face, trigeminal neuralgia is often on one side of the face and depending on where the trigeminal nerve is affected.
Trigeminal neuralgia pain is unilateral and follows the sensory distribution of cranial nerve V, typical of the maxillary region (V.2) or mandible (V.3). The physical examination can usually eliminate alternative diagnoses. Signs of cranial nerve dysfunction or other neurologic abnormalities rule out a diagnosis of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and pain may indicate a secondary that is felt due to structural lesions. Trigeminal neuralgia should be distinguished from others by facial pain diagnose patient illness history. Investigations to be intended to distinguish idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia or symptomatic.
Therapy in these patients there are 2 kinds of medically and surgically. Medically care for the provision of anticonvulsants drugs by lowering the hyperactivity of the trigeminal nerve nuclei in the brain stem. Effective treatment in 80% of cases. Drug administration begins with the most minimal dosage, then because it has a progressive disease and more severe pain and more often then required the addition of a dose that would cause side effects or pain control is not adequate.
Giving these drugs can be given alone or in combination with others. If treatment with medication until the maximum dose and the combination of drugs was not alleviate the pain anymore then therapy with surgery an option.
CLASSIFICATION
Trigeminal neuralgia according to the International Headache Society, 1988 divided top 2 are idiopathic and symptomatic.
1. Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: If the anamnesis examination, examination and physical and neurologic investigation found no cause of facial pain.
2. Symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia: the cause of her pain can be known of particular investigations or the posterior fossa exploration.
Giving these drugs can be given alone or in combination with others. If treatment with medication until the maximum dose and the combination of drugs was not alleviate the pain anymore then therapy with surgery an option.
CLASSIFICATION
Trigeminal neuralgia according to the International Headache Society, 1988 divided top 2 are idiopathic and symptomatic.
1. Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: If the anamnesis examination, examination and physical and neurologic investigation found no cause of facial pain.
2. Symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia: the cause of her pain can be known of particular investigations or the posterior fossa exploration.
Resources
1. Picture: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Trigeminal-neuralgia/Pages/Introduction.aspx
