Headache

       Headache is often referred to as headache, dizziness and others, is pain or an unpleasant taste in the whole area of ​​the head to the lower limit of the chin up to the area behind the head ( occipital area and some areas nape ).

         Based the causes, headache is classified as primary headache and secondary headache. Primary headache is a headache which without obvious anatomical abnormalities or abnormalities of the structure or organ . While secondary headaches are headaches  with obvious anatomical abnormalities or abnormalities of the structure or organ. Chronic progressive indicates the possibility of secondary headache, the headache is more than three months, which experienced a severe increase in the degree, frequency and duration, and may be accompanied by the appearance of neurological deficit other than headache .


Classification of headache
Based The International Classification of Headache Disorders edition 2 of 2004 (ICHD-2), headache classification is divided into:


A. Primary headache , include :
a. migraine
b . Tension-type headache .
c . Cluster headache and trigeminal - autonomic cephalgia others .
d . Other primary headaches .

B. Secondary headache , include :
a. Headache associated with head trauma and or neck .
b . Headache related to cranial or cervical vascular disorders .
c . Headache associated with non- vascular intracranial disorder .
d . Headache associated with substances or withdrawal .
e . Headache associated with infection .
f . Headache associated with abnormalities of homeostasis .
g . Headache or pain associated with vascular abnormalities cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth, or facial or cranial structures.
h . Headache associated with psychiatric disorders.
i . Central cranial neuralgia and facial pain that causes.
j . Other headache, cranial neuralgia, central or primary facial pain.

Pain -sensitive structures in the head :

A. Intracranial structures include
1. Cranial sinuses and afferent vein ( venous sinuses and veins that supply the sinuses )
2 . Arteries of the duramater ( meningeal artery )
3 . The arteries in the base of the skull that form the circle of Willis and the branches of magnitude .
4 . Most of the dura mater adjacent to the blood vessels especially those located in the cranial base anterior and posterior fossa as well as the meninges .

B. Extracranial structures
1. include skin, scalp, muscles, tendons, and fascia of the head and neck region
2 . Paranasalis sinus cavity mucosa and rice
3 . teeth
4 . Outer and middle ear
5 . extracranial arteries

C. nerve
1 . N. Trigeminal , N. Fascialis , N. Glossopharyngeal , N. vagus
2 . 1,2,3 cervical spinal nerves